Optimization of the Balance between Protein, Lipid and Carbohydrate in Diets for Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus)

The aim of this study was to investigate how the dietary balance between protein, lipid, and carbohydrate affects growth, welfare, health with focus on immune responses, in lumpfish body weight ranges 1.7-10 g 15-50 g. A three-component mixture design, simultaneous variation three macronutrients applied. Growth, tissue plasma nutrient composition, cataract frequency, responses leukocytes isolated from fish head kidney were studied. Most linear driven by lipid level, minor effects protein. growth followed a special cubic model no clear optimum. fastest obtained diet containing 55% 17% fat, 6% carbohydrate. high levels also gave tissues trend improved welfare score, but there cataract. diets minimum maximum protein suboptimal cells fish, while growing showed normal responses. We propose that for 10-50 should contain approximately 10% These will be suitable